Προσδιορισμός μάκρο, μίκρο στοιχείων και βαρέων μετάλλων σε βιολογικά και συμβατικά δείγματα σιτηρών με τη χρήση οργάνου ICP-OES (Master thesis)

Φυντανίδου, Φωτεινή


The presence of heavy metals, macro and micro elements in grain samples of Triticum spelta (spelt) and Triticum aestivum (soft wheat) grown either in conventional or organic farming in different regions of Hungary in 2019 and 2020 was studied. The total number of samples was 192 and 24 samples were divided into 4 categories: organic spelt, conventional spelt, conventional soft wheat and organic soft wheat. Data detection was performed using ICP-OES instrument. The data showed significant variability among the species studied in terms of element concentrations. However, macro and microelement levels in all samples analysed were within the range reported for similar cereals from different parts of the world. The tested cereal samples were characterized by the highest average K (4741.9 mg/kg), followed by P (4173.8 mg/kg). T. spelta showed higher concentrations of P (4173.8 mg/kg), K (4741.9 mg/kg), Ca (1034.07 mg/kg) and Mg (1438.78 mg/kg) than T. aestivum. Of the microelements, Zn and Fe were detected in the highest concentrations. The presence of Cu in many samples of T. spelta was zero. Our results for microelements showed that the concentrations of micronutrients of the studied wheat species differed significantly. Considering the differences in the content of the different samples studied, the micronutrients could be classified in the following descending order: Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu. The average concentration of heavy metals in the analysed grain samples had the following order: Ni > Cr > Pb > Cd > As for all sample categories. Of the analysed samples 3 of them (T. aestivum organic with year of production 2019 (0,508 mg kg-1), T. aestivum organic with year of production 2020 (0,274 mg kg-1) and T. spelta organic with year of production 2020 (0,550 mg kg-1)) exceeded the maximum permitted levels of Pb (0,20 mg kg-1) set by Regulation (EC) No 915/2023. The Cd content of the analysed samples did not differ significantly and ranged from 0 to 0,07 mg kg-1, i.e. below the limit (0,1 mg kg-1) which is set as the maximum level permitted under Regulation (EC) No 915/2023. As far as As is concerned, no maximum levels have been set for cereals in Regulation (EC) No 915/2023. Analysing the PCA results, we conclude that the non-existence of groupings of the grain samples is mainly due to their similar profiles resulting from genetic and environmental factors.
Institution and School/Department of submitter: Σχολή Γεωτεχνικών Επιστημών - Τμήμα Επιστήμης και Τεχνολογίας Τροφίμων
Subject classification: Spelt -- Growth -- Hungary
Wheat -- Growth -- Hungary
Agriculture -- Hungary
Grain -- Organic farming -- Hungary
Όλυρα -- Ανάπτυξη -- Ουγγαρία
Σιτάρι -- Ανάπτυξη -- Ουγγαρία
Γεωργία -- Ουγγαρία
Σιτηρά--Οργανική καλλιέργεια -- Ουγγαρία
Keywords: Μακροστοιχεία;Μικροστοιχεία;Βαρέα μέταλλα;Δείγματα σιτηρών;ICP-OES;Macro-elements;Micro-elements;Heavy metals;Samples of cereals
Description: Μεταπτυχιακή εργασία - Σχολή Γεωτεχνικών Επιστημών - Τμήμα Επιστήμης και Τεχνολογίας Τροφίμων, 2023 (α/α 14098)
URI: http://195.251.240.227/jspui/handle/123456789/16806
Appears in Collections:Μεταπτυχιακές Διατριβές

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