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The olive tree is one of the most precious trees, which is closely related to the history of the Mediterranean peoples. In antiquity, they were used for cleaning, grooming and many other uses, while it holds a dominant position in the official mysteries of our church. Olive oil is a source of important nutrients for the body and contributes to human health as it acts as a protective factor for many of the diseases that may be associated with nutrition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge of the consumers of the island of Lesbos about the benefits of olive oil to health, emphasizing the reasons that led consumers to prefer olive oil as the main form of lipid for their nutrition. For this purpose, the method of completing a dietary habits questionnaire for the consumption of olive oil was used as an analysis tool. A random sample of the island's population was selected, in particular, 192 questionnaires were collected, descriptive statistics were followed and, where necessary, results of specialized statistical tests for the study of the relationship between the variables were presented. The results of the study revealed that in general olive oil is a basic product in the diet of the inhabitants, although the positive effect of olive oil on the human body does not seem to have a significant relationship with its consumption (p-value= 0.113). On the other hand, the reasons that respondents chose olive oil as the main source of fat in their diet are related to its monthly consumption and affect it (p-value = 0.02). This has been demonstrated by the positive effect of knowing each of the benefits to the consumption of olive oil, for example there is a statistically significant difference in knowledge between the claims that olive oil does good in the heart, bowel function and digestion, etc. in its consumption (p-value> 0.05)