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Abstract Polyneuropathy is an extremely complex and heterogeneous group of peripheral nervous system diseases. Etiological investigation of polyneuropathy is now possible in a high percentage of cases with the help of neurophysiology, immunology, neuropathology and molecular genetics and is an imperative. Although the small percentage of hereditary polyneuropathy is one of the most frequently inherited neurological conditions. The most common form of hereditary neuropathy is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. This disease was named after the first three doctors neurologists who first characterized it in 1886, Jean-Martin Charcot, Pierre Marie and Howard Henry Tooth. The form described by this term involves a wide range of inherited kinetic and aesthetic polyneuropathy, which usually occur within the first two decades of life. The Charcot-Marie-Tooth disorder is extremely heterogeneous. This implies considerable difficulty in attempting to classify the disease. The classification of the disease is made in eight different hereditary types. The prevalence of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is estimated to 1 in 2,500 people, but according to the geographic populations studied. As far as disease subtypes are concerned, Type 1 is considered more common. In some populations (Japan) or when sporadic cases are present, there is a higher prevalence of type 2 disease. Formulas that have characteristics of types 1 and 2 account for 4% of cases. The classic patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease usually has symptoms of leg weakness and leg deformity. The examination reveals sensory disorders and motor weakness associated with muscular atrophy, and absence of tendon reflexes. Charcot - Marie - Tooth is a progressive disease with a wide range of both age and severity of symptoms. Symptomatic weakness is a feature and is usually seen mostly in the lower limbs, under the knees, but also in the wrists and hands as the disease develops in later stages. Mild to moderate central muscle weakness and tremor may also develop in later stages of the disease. Deformities of the lower limbs and nails are often observed in many patients with the disease. The classification of Charcot - Marie - Tooth disease is based on electrodiagnostic findings of either slowing nerve conduction in demyelinating forms or reduced muscle potential, with conserved conduction velocities in axial forms. There is generally no clinical data to support the use of drugs in the disease, and CMT management remains purely supportive. The main axis of supportive care is physical therapy. Significant aspects of physiotherapy and rehabilitation for CMT patients may include gait training, therapeutic exercise, balance and stabi- lisation of staging, fall prevention strategies, energy-saving techniques, training in appropriate helper devices and prevention of secondary dysfunctions. In general, optimal management of CMT patients includes genetic counselors, physiotherapists, social workers. Continuous genetic discoveries continue to add data to the complexity of CMT disease and the knowledge of each CMT subtype is likely to shape the approach of each member of the multidisciplinary group of the disease.